Beta blockers in treatment of Coronary diseases.

Beta-blockers are a class of drugs primarily used to treat cardiovascular disease and other conditions. Beta-blockers are useful for tachycardia, hypertension, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, coronary artery disease, hyperthyroidism, essential tremor, aortic dissection, portal hypertension, glaucoma, migraine prophylaxis, others indicated and FDA-approved for the treatment of the condition. It is also used to treat rare conditions such as long QT syndrome and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Beta-blockers are the cornerstone of treatment for various cardiovascular diseases. Although their effects were classically thought to be driven by antagonism and competition at beta-adrenergic receptors, their effects are now thought to be driven solely by competition with catecholamines at these receptors. Discovered as antianginal drugs in the 1960s, beta-blockers are now widely used in heart failure, arrhythmias, and ischemic heart disease. This article reviews the evidence for the beneficial effects of beta-blockers in these conditions and the current recommendations in clinical practice guidelines for their use. Regardless, new previously unnoticed mechanisms of action on cellular compartments are still being discovered, continuing to open new horizons for their applications. Overall, beta-blockers are one of the most interesting groups of drugs in our therapeutic arsenal. The role of β-adrenergic receptor antagonists (β-blockers) in cardiovascular therapy has undergone multiple trends and changes over the decades. With the advent of a wide variety of excellent drugs for the treatment of hypertension, beta-blockers have replaced first-line treatment of essential hypertension. However, for heart failure, coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation, and hypertension with complications from heart failure, angina pectoris or previous myocardial infarction, it remains the drug of first choice in the respective professional association recommendations. If necessary, cardioselective beta-blockers should be prescribed to patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Traditionally used to treat angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hypertension, Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), cardiac arrhythmias, and thyrotoxicosis, it is administered to reduce perioperative complications. Despite clear evidence that they reduce morbidity and mortality, clinicians are often reluctant to administer them for fear of side effects. Many have been questioned and refuted. Beta-blockers, which were contraindicated in CHF due to their inherently negative inotropic effects, have now been shown to be beneficial due to their ability to increase sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation. Beta-blockers are also contraindicated in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, due to the potential risk of bronchospasm. However, new evidence suggests that cardioselective beta-blockers are safe and may actually benefit patients with obstructive pulmonary disease by increasing sensitivity to endogenous or exogenous beta-adrenergic stimulation.

Journal of Cholesterol and Heart Disease is an open access journal. The main objective of this journal is to cultivate and share clinical research and experimental work done by scientists, scholars.

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Journal of Cholesterol and heart disease